The model · Capacity Index

The Capacity Index.

One question, scored: can people sustain performance? The Capacity Index measures the physiological and cognitive resources available to do the work — energy, recovery, focus and resilience — and it is the half of the equation most employee measurement never touches.

Last reviewed August 2026
0–100
the scale each domain is scored on
Capacity Index
4
domains: energy, recovery, focus, resilience
Four of eight
49.6→85.7
Capacity Index, bottom to top Thrive decile
+36 points
n=5
minimum group size before a score is shown
Reporting rule

What it scores.

The Capacity Index answers one question: can people sustain performance? Not whether they are motivated, not whether they are satisfied — whether the resource is there to keep delivering.

That distinction is the reason it exists separately. Motivation without capacity produces a short burst followed by a decline; capacity without motivation produces reserve that is never spent. Only measuring both tells you which situation you are in.

The concept

What employee capacity means, and how it differs from resource capacity planning: what is employee capacity.

The four domains.

Each is scored independently from statement-level responses, so the index never hides which specific resource is short.

Energy
Whether people arrive with fuel in the tank — sustained physical and mental availability across a normal week, not on a single good day.
Recovery
Whether the week gives back what it takes: sleep quality, genuine detachment from work, and whether rest actually restores.
Focus
Whether there is time and headspace for deep work, or whether attention is fragmented by interruption and context-switching.
Resilience
Whether people return to baseline after pressure rather than carrying it forward into the following week.

How it is scored.

Each domain is scored 0–100 from behavioural statements with an explicit recent time window — typically the past two weeks — rather than from a single self-rated question. The four domain scores then combine into the Capacity Index.

The statement set is universal: the same items run across every role, level and market, which is what makes a score in one team comparable to a score in another. Bespoke per-department questions feel more relevant and destroy comparability.

The instrument

Statement design, cadence and reporting thresholds: how to measure employee capacity.

Reading a score.

A Capacity Index score is only half a diagnosis. Read alone it tells you the resource level; read against the Engagement Index it tells you what to do about it.

High capacity with low engagement is a motivation problem, and adding wellbeing support will not touch it. Low capacity with high engagement is the highest-risk state there is, and adding motivational messaging asks for more of the resource that is already exhausted. The same capacity score implies opposite actions depending on the other half.

The four combinations

Which state a team is in, and what each implies: the Thrive Matrix.

The outcome gaps.

Across our validation study, the Capacity Index moved 49.6 to 85.7 — +36 points — between the bottom and top decile of the Thrive Index, alongside these outcome differences.

4.6×
More people can regularly perform at their best — 21% to 98%.Performance · bottom → top Thrive decile
6.8×
More people are not regularly overwhelmed — 15% to 98%. A separate energy measure, not running on empty, rises 17% to 79%.Burnout resilience · bottom → top decile

These are associations from a single cross-sectional study. High-capacity organisations demonstrably look different on outcomes leaders track; that is not the same as proving a score change causes the outcome.

Where a low score surfaces.

A Capacity Index score is only useful if it points somewhere. In practice a low score tends to show up in three places that are already on the board agenda, and a high one in three that rarely are.

On the downside: employee performance, where the will to do the work outlasts the headroom for it; employee productivity, which loses more to fragmented attention than to absence; and employee retention, where the most expensive departures come from people who never raised a complaint.

On the upside, a strong score is what the organisation gets to spend. It appears as the discretionary effort behind employee commitment, as the conditions employee innovation needs, and as the workforce capability to take on restructuring or new technology without depleting the people asked to deliver it.

The other index

Capacity answers whether people can sustain contribution. Whether the organisation motivates and enables it is scored separately by the Engagement Index.

Method & sources.

Figures on this page come from thrive at work’s own validation study (n=10,000+, 2025–26), fielded across the US and Europe. Unless stated otherwise, each comparison is bottom decile versus top decile of the Thrive Index.

These are associations measured within a single cross-sectional study, not causal claims. No score is displayed for any group of fewer than five people.

  1. Thrive Index validation study. thrive at work, n=10,000+, 2025–26, fielded across the US and Europe.
  2. Domain foundations. 140+ peer-reviewed papers underpinning the eight domains — see the methodology.

Common questions

What is the Capacity Index?
A 0–100 score answering whether people can sustain performance, built from four domains — energy, recovery, focus and resilience. It is one half of the Thrive Index, measured alongside the Engagement Index.
How is it different from a wellbeing score?
Wellbeing is usually broad and self-defined. The Capacity Index is a specific, domain-scored measure built to relate to workforce outcomes such as performance and burnout risk — not to assess health or make any clinical judgement.
Can you have high capacity and still perform badly?
Yes. Capacity is the resource, not the motivation. High capacity with low engagement is the coasting state: people could deliver more and have no compelling reason to.

See your Capacity Index.

A 30-minute call with the research team covers what a first measurement would surface, and how your sector compares.